Cervical cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignancies and ranks fourth among female malignancies. Early detection and treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and carcinoma in situ is the key to the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer. Early cervical cancer screening methods include TCT examination, HPV-DNA examination, and colposcopy cervical biopsy.
TCT detection: TCT is a method of detecting cervical cells using a liquid-based thin-layer cell detection system, and performing cytological classification diagnosis, which can indicate whether the cells have cervical cancer-related lesions. It can not only prompt cervical cancer, but also detect abnormal precancerous lesions in time. And, with the increase in the severity of cervical lesions, the accuracy of cytology is gradually improved.
The clinical significance of TCT examination for cervical lesions screening: cervical lesions often refer to CIN. The formation of cervical cancer is a gradual process, from CIN I, CIN II, CIN III to the formation of invasive cancer. How to block this process is effective Screening methods will undoubtedly be the main way to prevent cervical cancer. Cytological examination is the first step in the standardized treatment of cervical lesions. TCT is a new technology of cervical cytology in recent years. It combines modern computer technology with physical technology, which not only preserves almost all the specimens on the sampling device, but also preserves the specimens through The Xin Bai's 2000 system is programmed to separate mucus, blood and inflammatory cells from epithelial cells, and the thin-layer smear produced has a complete cell composition, clear structure, and clean background. Abnormal epithelial cells can be easily identified, especially for cells The small number and small size of high-grade squamous epithelial lesions greatly improves the positive diagnosis rate, reduces the missed diagnosis rate, and reduces the fatigue of the readers.
HPV-DNA detection: HPV detection is a primary screening method for cervical cancer, which is divided into quantitative detection and typing detection. Quantitative detection is mainly to detect the presence or absence of HPV infection, while genotyping can detect the specific type of HPV infection.
Studies have confirmed that the cause of cervical cancer is mainly high-risk HPV infection.
HPV is divided into high-risk HPV and low-risk HPV, there are more than 40 types. Among them, high-risk HPV includes: HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 69, etc., especially the persistent infection of HPV16 and 18, is more related to the occurrence of cervical cancer closely related.
The value of HPV detection in cervical lesion screening: HPV infection can manifest as a long-term latent infection, and most women clear the virus by autoimmunity after 9 to 15 months of infection. Women with persistent high-risk HPV infection have a 250-fold increased risk of developing CIN. Persistent infection with high-risk HPV is a necessary condition for causing and maintaining CIN III. Therefore, early screening for persistent infection is very important. At present, almost all epidemiological investigations and biological data have proved that high-risk HPV infection is a necessary condition for cervical cancer and its pre-painful lesions. Women with cervical pain or precancerous lesions and women at potential risk of developing the disease were screened.
Colposcopy cervical biopsy: observe the subtle changes of the transitional epithelium and blood vessels of the cervix under colposcopy, and take cervical biopsy from the positive site of the acetowhite test and scorpion test. The specimens taken should include the basal layer of the cervical epithelium. After fixation with awake solution, the samples were sent for pathological examination.
The clinical significance of cervical biopsy under colposcopy for cervical lesions screening: on the one hand, colposcopy can further determine and diagnose the presence of cervical cell lesions or cervical cancer; on the other hand, the results of colposcopy can also guide doctors to choose the next one-step treatment plan. When test results suggest abnormalities, if doctors are able to remove all the abnormal cells at the time of biopsy, more treatment may not be needed. In addition, if the vaginal mucosal epithelium becomes cancerous, colposcopy can also guide the doctor to carry out the resection of the guided lesions, so as to avoid the spread and infiltration of cancer cells, thereby avoiding extensive vaginectomy.